| Abstract (english) | The Roman villa rustica in Dobrika Bay (part of Madona Bay) on the Brijuni Islands was built on the slopes of the Histrian hill fort on Petrovac Hill. The first villa rustica, modest in size and with a simple ground-plan, was built in the 2nd century BC. In the middle of the 1st century BC, another villa rustica was built over it, its size being 63 x 51 m, although traces of the first villa remained in its substructures. In the 1st and 2nd centuries, a tower was added to the structure on its south-eastern side, and a dwelling structure for workers on the north-eastern side. At the beginning of the 3rd century, new production workshops were built for olive processing. Around the villa, a late antiquity settlement was erected. On the north-western side of the villa rustica, a structure with lesenes was added. After 452 AD, the entire region was fortified with irregular quadrangular structures, which during the period of Byzantine domination (6th century) were fortified and adapted so as to meet the construction standards imposed by the state. At the time of Justinian’s Reconquista, the late antiquity settlement was reduced to a church and military centre. At that time, new olive presses were established in the villa’s courtyard, which can be dated from the incorporation of an epistyle from St. Mary’s Church in the press stand. During the Byzantine renovation of St. Mary’s Church and the possible desecration that followed the Arian period and the domination of the Ostrogoths, many elements from the initial phase of St. Mary’s Church were built into the Byzantine fortress, which was erected in the area of the former late antiquity settlement. The supremacy of the Franks after 822 is represented by numerous structures in the settlement, as well as by alterations to the interiors of the churches of St. Mary and St. Peter. As an important naval base on the Adriatic sea-lane, the settlement was exposed to frequent plague outbreaks in the Middle Ages and deserted in the 15th/16th century. The settlement moved to the eastern part of the island. A new settlement was also constructed in the Brijuni port area, around a 12th-century defence tower (donjon) and St. Germano’s Church. |
| Abstract (croatian) | Rimska villa rustica u uvali Dobrika (dio uvale Madona) na Brijunima izgrađena je u podnožju histarske gradine na brdu Petrovac. Prva villa rustica skromnih dimenzija i jednostavnog tlocrta sagrađena je u 2. st. pr. Kr. Nju je sredinom 1. st. pr. Kr. preslojila druga villa rustica dimenzija 63 x 51 m, dok su tragovi prve vile ostali u njenim substrukcijama. U 1. i 2. st. dograđuje se objekt s kulom s njene jugoistočne strane i nastambe za radnike sa sjeveroistočne strane vile. Početkom 3. st. izgrađuju se novi proizvodni pogoni za preradu maslina. Oko vile izgrađuje se kasnoantičko naselje. Sa sjeverozapadne strane villae rusticae dograđuje se objekt s lezenama, a čitavo područje nakom 452. g. dobiva fortifikacije oblika nepravilnog četverokuta koje su u razdoblju bizantske dominacije (6. st.) ojačane i izvedene pod kontrolom državnih graditelja. Kasnoantičko naselje u vrijeme Justinijanove rekonkviste svedeno je na crkveni i vojni centar. U to vrijeme u dvorištu vile postavljaju se nove preše za masline koje su datirane ugradnjom epistila s crkve sv. Marije u postolje preše. Tijekom bizantske renovacije prostora crkve sv. Marije i vjerojatne desakracije nakon arijanskog razdoblja i dominacije Istočnih Gota nmogobrojni elementi iz prve faze crkve sv. Marije ugrađeni su u bizantsku tvrđavu koja je izgrađena na području bivšeg kasnoantičkog naselja. Franačka dominacija nakon 822. god. zastupljena je brojnom izgradnjom u naselju, te preinakama unutrašnjeg prostora crkve sv. Marije i sv. Petra. Kao važna pomorska baza na plovnom putu Jadranom naselje je u srednjem vijeku izloženo čestim poharama kuge i u 15./16. st. napušteno. Translatacija naselja izvršena je prema istočnom dijelu otoka. Novo naselje izgrađuje se u luci Brijuni oko branič kule (donžona) iz 12. st. i crkve sv. Germana. |
